Penetrant examination for Non-Destructive Examination (NDE)

Advantages of the penetrant method of Non-Destructive Examination are:

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• It is a very sensitive method, capable of finding extremely fine flaws
• It can be used on magnetic and non-magnetic metals, some plastics and glass
• Small objects, with awkward shapes, can be inspected
• A power supply is not needed for some methods of penetrant testing
• The method requires no great skill and is easy to understand
• Lots of small articles, in batches, can be examined using automated systems

Disadvantages of the penetrant method of Non-Destructive Examination are:

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• Can only detect defects open to the surface
• Preparation, before testing, can be time consuming and costly
• The method takes time and can rarely be completed in less than 30 minutes
• The method cannot normally be applied to painted objects
• It is messy
• Interpretation of results is sometimes difficult
• There may be a problem disposing of contaminated cleaning and penetrant fluids
• Dry, clean, conditions are essential, as is careful cleaning of the surfaces to be examined
• The method is often abused and skimped, or not fully understood
• There can be a fume exposure problem, particularly in confined spaces

Books on the subject are:

• R Hamshaw, Introduction to the Non-Destructive Testing of Welded Joints, 2nd edition, Abington Publishing, Cambridge, UK, (ISBN 1 314 5)
• David Lovejoy, Penetrant Examination. A Practical Guide, published by Chapman and Hall,
• C E Betz, Principles of Penetrants, published by the Magnaflux Corporation,

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