How to Select a Cooling Fan

To properly select a particular fan for an application, the detailed requirements must be known. This article goes through the steps of selecting a cooling fan.

Cooling fans and blowers are essential to applications where temperatures must be maintained or withstand the presence of heat. In order to avoid problems, the appropriate cooling unit for these systems must be selected. 

Fan Selection Procedure

Basic methods of selecting typical ventilation and cooling products based on their use.

Specifications and Conditions of the Machinery

Determine the required internal temperature of the machinery.

Heat Generation Within the Device

Determine the amount of heat generated internally by the machinery.

Calculate Required Air Flow

Calculate the air flow required once you have determined the heat generation, the number of degrees the temperature must be lowered and what the ambient temperature should be.

Selecting a Fan

Select a fan using the required air flow. The air flow of a mounted fan can be found from the air flow – static pressure characteristics and the pressure loss of the machinery. It is difficult to calculate the pressure loss of the machinery, so a fan with a maximum air flow of 1.3 to 2 times as the required air flow may be used.

Example of Selection – Ventilation and Cooling of Control Box

Required Air Flow

The following explains a calculation method using the formula and a simple calculation method using the graph.

◊ Obtaining by Calculations 

Internal pressure loss must be considered when calculating the required air flow. In general, pressure loss inside the control box is not known. Therefore, the air flow at the operation point is assumed as 50% of the maximum air flow and a safety factor Sf = 2 is applied.

1. Obtaining by Calculations

2. Search for the cross point A between heat generation Q (450 W) and permissible temperature rise ←T (20°C).

3. Draw a line parallel with the horizontal axis from point A.

4. Search for the cross point B between the parallel line and surface area S (2.37 m²) line.

5. Draw a line perpendicular to the horizontal axis from point B. Required air flow is approximately 0.5 m³/min.

6. Allow for a safety factor (Sf) of 2 times. Required air flow will be 1.00 m3/min.

Applicable Fan Sizing Example:

Based on the above, the MU Series MU925M-21

Fan type Examples: Ventilation, Cooling, Drying, and Suction

Device Ventilation and Cooling

Air-Blow Cooling or Drying

Uniform Cooling or Drying

 

How to Select a Fan or Blower

To select a fan, the required data includes the flow rate (CFM), static pressure (SP), and air/gas density.

You have 3 options to select the right fan or blower for your application:

1

Use our

Use our Quick Selector to narrow your choices and sort by Price or Efficiency.

2

Contact our knowledgeable

Contact our knowledgeable local sales engineer for application assistance.

3

Follow the steps below to select a fan using catalog data.

to select a fan using catalog data.

Flow Rate (CFM)
SCFM stands for Standard Cubic Feet per Minute. It is the CFM at standard density, defined as .075 lb/cubic foot.

ACFM stands for Actual Cubic Feet per Minute. It is the CFM at an identified density other than .075 lb/ft3. It is also the required mass flow rate divided by the density of the gas being handled. Since fans and blowers handle the same volume of air regardless of density, the ACFM value (and corresponding density) is the preferred value to use when selecting a fan or blower. Note that ACFM and SCFM are not interchangeable except at .075 lb/ft3 density.

Airflow is rated in cubic feet per minute (CFM) or the metric equivalent, cubic meters per hour (M3/Hr).

1 CFM = 1.6990 x M3/Hr.

If you will be conveying material, make sure you have enough CFM for the duct, pipe or hose size so the material will maintain the required velocity to carry it completely through the system and not settle in the duct, pipe or hose. See Engineering Data catalog for material conveying velocities.

Static Pressure (SP)
Static Pressure is the resistance to airflow (friction) caused by the air moving through a pipe, duct, hose, filter, hood slots, air control dampers or louvers. Static Pressure is rated in inches water gauge (inWG) or the metric equivalent, millimeters water gauge (mmWG). 1 inWG = 25.4 x mmWG.

Standard air has a density of .075 lb/ft3 and is based on a temperature of 70°F and 29.92" Hg barometric pressure (sea level). Fan performance tables are based on using standard air. Corrections for density changes resulting from temperature and/or barometric pressure variations, such as higher altitudes, must be made to the static pressure before selecting a fan or blower based on standard performance data. The metric equivalent is in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3). lb/ft3 = 16.018 x kg/m3.

The temperature of the air going through the fan or blower will affect the density and performance of the fan or blower. Temperature should be shown in degrees Fahrenheit (°F). The metric equivalent is degrees Centigrade (°C).

°F = 1.8 x °C + 32

If the air temperature will vary, what are the minimum and maximum temperatures?

The altitude the fan or blower will be operating at will also affect the density and performance of the fan or blower. The altitude should be given in feet above sea level. The metric equivalent is meters (m). 1 ft = .30480 x m

Air Temperature Altitude Correction

Chart found on Page 5 of Instructions For How to Properly Select a Fan or Blower

Example:

Select a blower for 1500 CFM at 7" WG at 250°F. and at 6500 feet elevation.

• STEP 1. From the table above, the conversion factor for 250° and 6500 ft. altitude is 1.71.
• STEP 2. The corrected static pressure is: 7" WG x 1.71 = 11.97" inWG at standard conditions. Round off to 12" WG.
• STEP 3. Select fan, using fan performance tables, for 1500 CFM at 12" WG.

NOTE: If the suction pressure on the inlet side of a blower will exceed 15" inWG, a correction for suction pressure (called rarefication) should be made. See chart below.

NOTE: If the suction pressure on the inlet side of a blower will exceed 15" inWG, a correction for suction pressure (called rarefication) should be made. See chart below.

Chart found on Page 4 of Instructions For How to Properly Select a Fan or Blower

EXAMPLES:

1. With 45" of suction pressure on the blower inlet and no discharge pressure on the blower discharge, the total static pressure = 50.3" inWG.
2. With 45" of suction pressure on the inlet and 12" of discharge pressure on the discharge, the total static pressure = 50.3"+12" = 62.3" inWG.
3. With 0" of suction pressure on the inlet and 12" of discharge pressure, the total static pressure = 12" inWG. There is no correction required for discharge pressure.

Centrifugal fans or blowers use one of seven types of wheels that are enclosed in a scroll shaped housing. The air enters the fan wheel through the housing inlet, turns 90 degrees and is accelerated radially and exits the fan housing. Centrifugal fans are typically used for lower flows and higher pressures.

Axial fans use a propeller, having two or more blades, to move air in an axial direction through a cylindrical housing or formed orifice panel. Axial fans are typically used for higher flows and lower pressures. Do not use an axial fan to convey material.